This article is related to Central Treaty Organisation which is also named as CENTO or Baghdad Pact or Middle East Treaty Organisation.

• Central Treaty Organisation (Baghdad Pact) – MCQs

• CSS Notes

• Introduction

• Historical Background

• Purpose and Objectives

• Member States
• Why did Pakistan Join Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO)?

• Conclusion & Critical Analysis

Like Central Treaty Organisation Do You Want to Prepare Other International Organisations Also?

• Economic Cooperation Organisation – ECO

• South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation – SAARC

• Association of Southeast Asian Nations – ASEAN

• Non – Aligned Movement – NAM

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation – SCO

• Organisation of Islamic Cooperation – OIC

Central Treaty Organisation | CENTO | Baghdad Pact | Middle East Treaty Organisation | METO

When Central Treaty Organisation was dissolved?

1. January 16^th, 1979
2. February 16^th, 1979
3. March 16^th, 1979
4. April 16^th, 1979

Central Treaty Organisation was an initiative of the following countries, namely, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq,, Turkey and ________.

1. United Kingdom
2. United States
3. New Zealand
4. Australasia

CENTO stands for?

1. Central Eastern Treaty Organisation
2. Central Treaty Organisation
3. Centralized Treaty Organisation
4. Central European Treaty Organisation

When Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) was formed?

• December 24^th, 1955
• January 24^th, 1955
• February 24^th, 1955
• November 24^th, 1955

Where headquarter of CENTO was established initially?

1. Ankara
2. Moscow
3. Baghdad
4. Baghdad

When RCD was established?

1. June 21^st, 1964
2. July 21^st, 1964
3. August 21^st, 1964
4. September 21^st, 1964

Choose a country who left CENTO in 1958 when monarchy was overthrown?

1. Iran
2. Turkey
3. United Kingdom
4. Iraq

What was the basic purpose behind the formation of CENTO?

1. To promote communism
2. To curtail the prevailing domination of USSR and communism
3. To provide military aid free of cost
4. To promote trade and infrastructure of South Asian States

When Iraq withdrew from Baghdad Pact?

1. July 14^th, 1958
2. August 14^th, 1958
3. September 23^rd, 1958
4. October 23^rd, 1958

How many countries were the members of CENTO?

1. 6
2. 5
3. 4
4. 3

There are __________ landlocked countries that are the members of ECO.

1. 1
2. 3
3. 5
4. 7

What is the capital of Turkey?

1. Antananarivo
2. Maputo
3. Istanbul
4. Ankara

Why organisation dropped the name Baghdad Pact in favor of Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO)?

1. Iran left the membership
2. change in foreign police
3. Iraq left the membership
4. UK forcefully removed it

What is the abbreviation of RCD?

1. Regional Conference for Development
2. Regional Cooperation for Developed Countries
3. Regional Conference for Developing Countries
4. Regional Cooperation for Development

When RCD was named as ECO?

1. 1985
2. 1990
3. 1995
4. 1980

The membership of ECO is extended to _______ states.

1. 8
2. 10
3. 12
4. 14

Who was the last monarch of Iraq?

1. Salman II
2. Gamal Abdul Nasser
3. Faisal II
4. Qasim III

Who was the last king of Iran?

1. Abdul Karim Qasim
2. Zahir Shah
3. Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini
4. Muhammad Reza Pahlavi

Where the HQ of CENTO was moved in 1958?

1. London
2. Ankara
3. Tehran
4. Baghdad

Who became the first supreme leader of Iran after Iranian Revolution?

1. Syed Ali Hosseini Khamenei
2. Ahmet Fuat
3. Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini
4. General Soleimani

When NATO came into being?

1. February 4^th, 1949
2. March 4^th, 1949
3. April 4^th, 1949
4. May 4^th, 1949

NATO stands for?

1. North Atlantic Terrific Organisation
2. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
3. Northern Atlantic Treaty Organisation
4. North Asian Treaty Organisation

What is the capital of Iraq?

1. Baghdad
2. Tehran
3. Ankara
4. Bishkek

CSS Notes

Introduction

The Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) was founded by regional members (Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Turkey) and Great Britain on February 24^th, 1955 at Baghdad (Capital of Iraq) to curtail the incursion of USSR and communism in Cold War era after the World War II.

Historical Background

After the extensive devastation of Japan on August 6^th, 1945 and August 9^th, 1945 (Little Boy and Fat Man) the world war II ended but a geopolitical tension between USSR and its satellite states and USA and its allies started in 1945 and ended in 1991 as a consequence and aftermath of the collapse of USSR. Immediately after the world war II, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) came into being on April 4^th, 1949. But to curtail the prevailing domination of USSR and communism, a military organisation was established by the Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Iraq and Great Britain. In short we can call “Central Treaty Organisation” (CENTO) as “Sister of NATO”.

Purpose and Objectives

The Central Treaty Organization was intended to counter the threat of Soviet expansion into vital Middle East oil-producing regions. It was never very effective. The Central Treaty Organisation was a defensive organisation for promoting shared political, military and economic goals. The main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and foster peace in the Middle East.

Member States

Baghdad Pact or Central Treaty Organisation was setup by Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Iraq and Great Britain on February 24^th, 1955 at Baghdad (Capital of Iraq). Initially for 3 years Baghdad was the Headquarter of this organisation but later on in 1958 as a consequence of twist in the Iraqi government. The Iraqi monarchy and monarch Faisal II was overthrown in a military coup. The new government was led by General Abdul Qasim. Iraq withdrew from its membership and opened diplomatic relations with USSR and held non-aligned stance so the organisation dropped the name Baghdad Pact in favor of CENTO at that time and headquarter was moved to Ankara (Capital of Turkey).

• Iran

• Iraq

• Pakistan

• Turkey

• Great Britain

Why Pakistan Did Join the Central Treaty Organisation

Well, Pakistan joined it to take the maximum benefits from the Western Bloc.

Conclusion & Critical Analysis

The Central Treaty Organisation did not provide its support in the 1965 nor 1971 wars of Pakistan against India. Also the prestige of United Kingdom was dented when Suez Canal crisis occurred on October 29^th, 1956 under the leadership of Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser. The Iranian revolution brought the end of the organization in 1979 along with Iran, Pakistan also left CENTO. Muhammad Reza Pahlavi was the last king of Iran whose monarchy was overthrown on February 11^th, 1979 and Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini became the first supreme leader of Iran.

Spontaneous withdrawal of Pakistan and Iran in 1979 caused the collapsed of Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). The organisation failed miserably in achieving its goals. In a nut shell, it is crystal clear that the Baghdad Pact lead to CENTO was for the deadlock of USSR in Middle East but resultantly it was in vain. Every country had their respective national interests regarding CENTO but they did not achieve their goals and objectives collectively.

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